IC chips are integrated circuits formed by a large number of microelectronic components (transistors, resistors, capacitors, diodes, etc.) on a plastic base to make a chip. At present, almost all chips seen can be called IC chips. Next, Xiaobian will introduce you the relevant knowledge of IC chips.
What is IC chip
Integrated circuit is a kind of micro electronic device or component. The transistor, diode, resistor, capacitor, inductor and other components needed in a circuit and wiring are interconnected by a certain process to be made on a small or several small semiconductor chips or dielectric substrates, and then packaged in a shell to become a micro-structure with the required circuit functions; All the components have formed a whole in structure, which makes the electronic components a big step towards miniaturization, low power consumption and high reliability. It is represented by the letter "IC" in the circuit. The inventors of integrated circuits are Jack Kilby (silicon-based integrated circuits) and Robert Noyes (germanium-based integrated circuits). Nowadays, most of the applications in the semiconductor industry are silicon-based integrated circuits.
What kinds of IC chips
（1） Classification by functional structure
According to their functions and structures, integrated circuits can be divided into analog integrated circuits and digital integrated circuits.
Analog integrated circuits are used to generate, amplify and process various analog signals (signals whose amplitude changes with the time border. For example, audio signals of semiconductor radios, tape signals of video recorders, etc.), while digital integrated circuits are used to generate, amplify and process various digital signals (signals with discrete values in time and amplitude. For example, audio signals and video signals of VCD and DVD playback).
Basic analog integrated circuits include operational amplifier, multiplier, integrated voltage stabilizer, timer, signal generator, etc. There are many kinds of digital integrated circuits, and small-scale integrated circuits have many kinds of gate circuits, namely NAND gate, NOT gate, OR gate, etc; Medium-scale integrated circuits include data selectors, code decoders, flip-flops, counters, registers, etc. Large scale or very large scale integrated circuits include PLD (programmable logic device) and ASIC (special purpose integrated circuit).
From the perspective of PLD and ASIC, the difference between components, devices, circuits and systems is no longer very strict. Moreover, PLD device itself is only a hardware carrier, and different circuit functions can be realized by loading different programs. Therefore, modern devices are no longer pure hardware. Software devices and corresponding software electronics have been widely used in modern electronic design, and their status is becoming more and more important. There are many kinds of circuit components. With the continuous improvement of electronic technology and process level, a large number of new components continue to appear. The same device also has a variety of packaging forms. For example, SMD components are everywhere in modern electronic products. For different use environments, the same device also has different industrial standards. There are usually three standards for domestic components, namely, civil standards, industrial standards, and military standards. The standards are different, and the prices are also different. The price of military standard devices may be ten times or more than that of civilian standards. Industrial standards are in between.
（2） Classification by manufacturing process
According to the manufacturing process, integrated circuits can be divided into semiconductor integrated circuits and thin film integrated circuits.
Film integrated circuits are classified into thick film integrated circuits and thin film integrated circuits.
（3） Classification by integration level
According to scale, integrated circuits can be divided into small scale integrated circuits (SSI), medium scale integrated circuits (MSI), large scale integrated circuits (LSI), very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) and very large scale integrated circuits (ULSI).
（4） Classified by conductive type
According to the conductive type, integrated circuits can be divided into bipolar integrated circuits and unipolar integrated circuits.
The manufacturing process of bipolar integrated circuits is complex and the power consumption is large. The representative integrated circuits include TTL, ECL, HTL, LST-TL, STTL and other types. The manufacturing process of unipolar integrated circuits is simple, and the power consumption is low. It is easy to make large-scale integrated circuits. The representative integrated circuits include CMOS, NMOS, PMOS and other types.
（5） Classification by use
Integrated circuits can be divided into integrated circuits for television according to their purposes. Integrated circuits for audio, video player, video recorder, computer (microcomputer), electronic organ, communication, camera, remote control, language, alarm and various special integrated circuits.
